Na farko : Magana
A cikin tsarin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa, mataki na farko shine bincike da zayyana samfuran.Daga cikin su, ƙaddamar da samfuran fitarwa galibi sun haɗa da: ƙimar ingancin samfur, ƙayyadaddun samfur da ƙira, ko samfurin yana da buƙatun marufi na musamman, adadin samfuran da aka saya, buƙatun lokacin isarwa, hanyar sufuri na samfurin, kayan aikin samfurin, da dai sauransu.Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune: isar da FOB akan jirgi, farashin CNF da kaya, farashin CIF, inshora da kaya, da sauransu.
Na biyu : oda
Bayan ɓangarorin biyu na cinikin sun cimma wata niyya game da ƙididdigewa, kasuwancin mai siye ya ba da oda a hukumance kuma ya yi shawarwari tare da kasuwancin mai siyarwa akan wasu batutuwa masu alaƙa.A cikin aiwatar da rattaba hannu kan "kwangilar siyan", galibi tattauna sunan samfurin, ƙayyadaddun bayanai, adadi, farashi, marufi, wurin asali, lokacin jigilar kaya, sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi, hanyoyin sasantawa, da'awar, sasantawa, da sauransu, da yin shawarwari kan yarjejeniyar da aka cimma. bayan tattaunawar.Rubuta a cikin Kwangilar Siyarwa.Wannan shine farkon fara kasuwancin fitarwa a hukumance.A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, sanya hannu kan kwangilar siyan a kwafi zai yi tasiri tare da hatimin kamfanin da bangarorin biyu suka buga, kuma kowane bangare zai adana kwafi daya.
Na uku : Hanyar biyan kuɗi
Akwai hanyoyin biyan kuɗi guda uku da aka saba amfani da su, wato wasiƙar biyan kuɗi, biyan TT da biyan kuɗi kai tsaye.
1. Biya ta wasiƙar bashi
Haruffa na bashi sun kasu kashi biyu: bare letter of credit da Documentary letter of credit.Ƙididdigar takardun shaida tana nufin wasiƙar bashi tare da ƙayyadaddun takaddun, kuma harafin bashi ba tare da wani takarda ba ana kiransa da wasiƙar bashi.A taƙaice, wasiƙar kiredit takardar garanti ce wacce ke ba da tabbacin dawo da mai fitar da kaya na biyan kuɗi.Lura cewa lokacin jigilar kayayyaki don fitarwa ya kamata ya kasance cikin lokacin ingancin L/C, kuma dole ne a ƙaddamar da lokacin gabatarwar L/C ba daga baya fiye da ranar ingancin L/C ba.A cikin kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa, ana amfani da wasiƙar bashi azaman hanyar biyan kuɗi, kuma ranar da aka ba da wasiƙar kiredit ya kamata ya zama bayyananne, bayyane kuma cikakke.
2. Hanyar biyan TT
Hanyar biyan kuɗi na TT an daidaita shi a cikin tsabar kuɗi na waje.Abokin cinikin ku zai aika da kuɗin zuwa asusun ajiyar kuɗin waje da kamfanin ku ya tsara.Kuna iya neman kuɗin turawa a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci bayan isowar kayan.
3. Hanyar biyan kuɗi kai tsaye
Yana nufin biyan kuɗin bayarwa kai tsaye tsakanin mai siye da mai siyarwa.
Na hudu: safa
Hannun jari yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkanin tsarin kasuwanci kuma dole ne a aiwatar da shi daya bayan daya daidai da kwangilar.Babban abin dubawa don safa sune kamar haka:
1. Ya kamata a tabbatar da inganci da ƙayyadaddun kayan bisa ga bukatun kwangilar.
2. Yawan kaya: tabbatar da cewa an cika buƙatun adadin kwangilar ko wasiƙar bashi.
3. Lokacin shirye-shiryen: bisa ga tanadi na wasiƙar bashi, tare da tsara tsarin jigilar kayayyaki, don sauƙaƙe haɗin kai da kaya.
Na biyar: Marufi
Za a iya zaɓar nau'in marufi bisa ga kayayyaki daban-daban (kamar: kwali, akwatin katako, jakar saƙa, da sauransu).Siffofin marufi daban-daban suna da buƙatun marufi daban-daban.
1. Gabaɗaya madaidaicin marufi na fitarwa: marufi bisa ga ƙa'idodin gabaɗaya don fitar da ciniki.
2. Ma'auni na marufi na musamman na fitarwa: kayan fitarwa an haɗa su bisa ga buƙatun musamman na abokan ciniki.
3. Ya kamata a bincika marufi da alamun jigilar kaya (alamomin jigilar kayayyaki) a hankali kuma a tabbatar da su don yin aiki da tanadin wasiƙar bashi.
Na Shida: Hanyoyi na kwastam
Hanyoyin kawar da kwastam suna da matukar wahala kuma suna da mahimmanci.Idan izinin kwastam bai santsi ba, ba za a iya kammala cinikin ba.
1. Kayayyakin da ake fitarwa da ke ƙarƙashin binciken doka za a ba su takardar shaidar duba kayan fitarwa.A halin yanzu, aikin duba kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su kasara da ke fitarwa sun hada da hanyoyin sadarwa guda hudu:
(1) Karɓar aikace-aikacen dubawa: Aikace-aikacen dubawa yana nufin aikace-aikacen mutumin da ke hulɗar kasuwanci na waje zuwa hukumar binciken kayayyaki don dubawa.
(2) Samfura: Bayan hukumar duba kayayyaki ta karɓi aikace-aikacen dubawa, za ta aika da ma'aikata da sauri zuwa wurin da aka adana don dubawa a wurin da kimantawa.
(3) Dubawa: Bayan hukumar binciken kayayyaki ta karɓi aikace-aikacen dubawa, tana nazarin abubuwan binciken da aka ayyana a hankali kuma tana ƙayyade abubuwan dubawa.Kuma a hankali duba ƙa'idodin kwangila (wasiƙar bashi) akan inganci, ƙayyadaddun bayanai, marufi, fayyace tushen dubawa, da ƙayyade ƙa'idodin dubawa da hanyoyin.(Hanyoyin dubawa sun haɗa da binciken samfurin, duban kayan aiki, duban jiki; duban hankali; duban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da dai sauransu.)
(4) Bayar da takaddun shaida: Dangane da fitarwa, duk samfuran fitarwa da aka jera a cikin [Nau'in Teburin] za su ba da sanarwar saki bayan wucewar binciken da hukumar binciken kayayyaki ta yi (ko sanya hatimin saki akan fom ɗin sanarwar fitar da kayayyaki don maye gurbinsa). takardar saki).
2. ƙwararrun ma'aikatan da ke da takardar shedar kwastam dole ne su je wurin kwastam tare da rubutu kamar lissafin tattara kaya, daftari, ikon shelar lauya, fom ɗin tabbatar da musayar musayar waje na waje, kwafin kwangilar kayan fitarwa, takardar shaidar duba kayayyaki da sauran rubutu.
(1) Lissafin tattarawa: tattara bayanai na samfuran fitarwa da mai fitarwa ya bayar.
(2) Invoice: Takaddun shaida na samfurin fitarwa wanda mai fitarwa ya bayar.
(3) Hukumar Kwastam ta bayyana ikon lauya (Electronic): Takaddun shaida da wani yanki ko mutum wanda ba shi da ikon bayyana kwastam ya ba dillalan kwastam damar bayyana kwastam.
(4) Form Tabbatar da Fitarwa: Ana amfani da shi ta sashin fitarwa zuwa ofishin musayar waje, wanda ke nufin takaddun cewa sashin da ke da karfin fitarwa yana samun ragi na harajin fitarwa.
(5) Certificate na duba kayayyaki: ana samunsa bayan an gama binciken sashen duba fita da keɓewa ko hukumar da ta keɓe, shi ne sunan gama gari na takaddun shaida na duba kaya da fitar da kayayyaki daban-daban, takaddun tantancewa da sauran takaddun shaida.Ingantacciyar takarda ce tare da tushen doka ga duk bangarorin da ke da hannu a cikin kasuwancin waje don aiwatar da ayyukansu na kwangila, magance takaddamar da'awa, yin shawarwari da sasantawa, da gabatar da shaida a cikin kararraki.
Na bakwai: Shigo
A cikin aiwatar da lodin kaya, zaku iya yanke shawarar hanyar yin lodi gwargwadon adadin kayan, kuma ku ɗauki inshora gwargwadon nau'ikan inshora da aka ƙayyade a cikin Yarjejeniyar Siyarwa.Zaɓi daga:
1. Cikakken akwati
Nau'in kwantena (wanda kuma aka sani da kwantena):
(1) Dangane da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da girman:
A halin yanzu, busassun kwantena (DRYCONTAINER) da aka saba amfani da su a duniya sune:
Girman waje shine ƙafa 20 X8 ƙafa X8 ƙafa 6, ana magana da akwati 20 ƙafa;
40 ƙafa X8 ƙafa X8 ƙafa 6 inci, ana magana da akwati 40 ƙafa;kuma an fi amfani dashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ƙafa 40 X8 ƙafa X9 ƙafa 6 inci, wanda ake magana da shi azaman babban akwati mai ƙafa 40.
① ƙafar kwandon: girman ciki shine mita 5.69 X 2.13 mita X 2.18 mita, babban nauyin rarraba shine gabaɗaya ton 17.5, kuma ƙarar shine mita 24-26.
② Ganga mai ƙafa 40: Girman ciki shine mita 11.8 X 2.13 mita X 2.18 Babban nauyin rarraba shine ton 22 gabaɗaya, ƙarar kuma shine mita cubic 54.
③ Babban akwati mai ƙafa 40: girman ciki shine mita 11.8 X 2.13 mita X 2.72 mita.Babban nauyin rarraba gabaɗaya ton 22 ne, kuma ƙarar ita ce cubic me 68ters.
④ babban akwati mai ƙafa 45: girman ciki shine: 13.58 meters X 2.34 meters X 2.71 meters, babban nauyin kaya shine ton 29 gabaɗaya, kuma ƙarar ita ce mita cubic 86.
⑤ ƙafar buɗaɗɗen kwandon ƙafa: girman ciki shine mita 5.89 X 2.32 mita X 2.31 mita, babban nauyin rarraba shine ton 20, kuma ƙarar shine mita 31.5 cubic.
⑥ 40-foot bude-saman ganga: na ciki girma ne 12.01 mita X 2.33 mita X 2.15 mita, da babban nauyi na rarraba ne 30.4 ton, da girma ne 65 cubic mita.
⑦ ƙafar kwandon ƙasa mai lebur: ƙarar ciki shine mita 5.85 X 2.23 mita X 2.15 mita, babban nauyin rarraba shine ton 23, ƙarar kuma shine mita 28 cubic.
⑧ Kwancen lebur mai ƙafa 40: girman ciki shine mita 12.05 X 2.12 mita X 1.96 mita, babban nauyin rarraba shine ton 36, kuma ƙarar shine mita 50 cubic.
(2) Bisa ga kayan aikin akwatin: akwai kwantena na aluminum, kwantena na karfe, kwantena fiberboard, da gilashin gilashin da aka ƙarfafa kwantena filastik.
(3) Bisa ga manufar: akwai busassun kwantena;kwantena masu sanyi (KWANNAN REEFER);kwantena masu rataye tufafi (KWANIN RAGOWAR DRESS);buɗaɗɗen kwantena na sama (KWANNAN BUDE;kwantena firam (kwandon FLAT RACK);kwantenan tanki (KWANNAN KWANTATIN) .
2. Haɗa kwantena
Don kwantenan da aka haɗa, ana ƙididdige jigilar kaya gabaɗaya gwargwadon girma da nauyin kayan da aka fitar.
Na takwas: inshorar sufuri
Yawancin lokaci, bangarorin biyu sun amince a gaba game da batutuwan da suka dace na inshorar sufuri a cikin sanya hannu kan "Kwangilar Siyan".Inshora na yau da kullun sun haɗa da inshorar jigilar kayayyaki na teku, inshorar sufuri na ƙasa da iska, da sauransu.
(1) Akwai manyan inshora guda uku: Kyauta daga Matsakaici-FPA, WPA (Tare da Matsakaici ko Tare da Matsakaici-WA ko WPA) da Duk Risk-AR Iyalin alhakin Ping An Inshorar ya haɗa da: jimlar asarar kaya da ta haifar ta bala'o'i a teku;asarar kaya gaba daya yayin lodi, saukewa da jigilar kaya;sadaukarwa, rabon kuɗi da kuɗaɗen ceto da matsakaicin matsakaici ya haifar;Jimillar asarar kaya da aka yi ta hanyar karo, ambaliya, fashewa.Inshorar lalacewar ruwa yana ɗaya daga cikin ainihin haɗarin inshorar sufurin ruwa.Bisa ka'idojin inshora na Kamfanin Inshorar Jama'a na kasar Sin, baya ga hadarin da aka jera a cikin Ping An Insurance, girman alhakinsa yana dauke da hadarin bala'o'i kamar yanayi mai tsanani, walƙiya, tsunami, da ambaliyar ruwa.Keɓancewar duk hatsarori daidai yake da jimlar WPA da ƙarin inshora na gaba ɗaya
(2) Ƙarin inshora: Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan inshora guda biyu: ƙarin inshora na gaba ɗaya da ƙarin inshora na musamman.Ƙarin ƙarin inshora sun haɗa da inshora na sata da karba, inshorar ruwa da ruwan sama, inshora na ɗan gajeren lokaci, inshorar leakage, inshora na karya, inshorar lalata ƙugiya, inshorar gurbataccen abu, inshora fakitin fashewa, inshora na mildew, inshora danshi da zafi, da wari. .haɗari, da sauransu. Ƙarin haɗari na musamman sun haɗa da haɗarin yaƙi da haɗarin yajin aiki.
Na tara: Bill of Lading
Kudirin karbar kaya takarda ce da mai shigo da kaya ke amfani da shi wajen karban kayan da kuma daidaita kudaden kasashen waje bayan mai fitar da kaya ya kammala aikin kwastam na fitar da kaya zuwa kasashen waje kuma kwastam ta saki.;
Ana bayar da lissafin da aka sanya hannu bisa adadin kwafin da wasiƙar bashi ke buƙata, gabaɗaya kwafi uku.Mai fitar da kaya yana adana kwafi biyu don dawo da haraji da sauran kasuwanci, kuma ana aika kwafi ɗaya ga mai shigo da kaya don sarrafa hanyoyin kamar bayarwa.
Lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku, mai shigo da kaya dole ne ya riƙe ainihin lissafin kaya, lissafin kaya, da daftari don ɗaukar kayan.(Dole ne mai fitar da kaya ya aika ainihin lissafin kaya, lissafin tattara kaya da daftari ga mai shigo da kaya.)
Don ɗaukar kaya na iska, zaku iya amfani da fax ɗin lissafin kuɗi kai tsaye, lissafin tattara kaya, da daftari don ɗaukar kaya.
Na goma: Zauren canjin waje
Bayan an aika da kayan fitarwa, kamfanin shigo da fitarwa ya kamata ya shirya takardu daidai (jerin marufi, daftari, lissafin kaya, takardar shaidar asalin fitarwa, daidaitawar fitarwa) da sauran takaddun daidai da tanadin wasiƙar bashi.A cikin lokacin inganci na takaddun da aka tsara a cikin L/C, ƙaddamar da takaddun zuwa banki don tattaunawa da hanyoyin sasantawa.;
Baya ga daidaita musayar kuɗin waje ta hanyar wasiƙar kiredit, sauran hanyoyin biyan kuɗi gabaɗaya sun haɗa da canja wurin telegram (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), canja wurin lissafin (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), Canja wurin wasiku (MAIL TRANSFER (M) /T)), da dai sauransu, Saboda saurin bunƙasa fasahar lantarki, ana amfani da canja wurin waya ne don aikawa.(A kasar Sin, fitar da kamfanoni zuwa ketare yana jin daɗin manufofin fifiko na ragi na harajin fitar da kayayyaki)
Medoc, mai ba da sabis na haɗaɗɗiyar haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa na ɓangare na uku daga China, an kafa shi a cikin 2005 kuma yana da hedikwata a Shenzhen, China.Ƙungiyar kafa tana da fiye da shekaru 10 na ƙwarewar dabaru na duniya akan matsakaita.
Tun bayan kafuwarta, Medoc ta himmatu wajen zama amintaccen mai ba da sabis na hada-hadar kayayyaki na kasa da kasa ga masana'antun kasar Sin da masu shigo da kayayyaki na kasa da kasa don taimaka musu wajen kammala kasuwancinsu na kasa da kasa.
Ayyukanmu:
(1) Layin Musamman na China-EU (Kofa zuwa Kofa)
(2) Layi na musamman na Sin - Tsakiyar Asiya (Kofa zuwa Door)
(3) Layi na musamman na kasar Sin - Gabas ta Tsakiya (Kofa zuwa Door)
(4)Layi na musamman na China -Mexico (Kofa zuwa Door)
(5) Sabis ɗin jigilar kaya na musamman
(6) Shawarar sayayya da sabis na hukumomin China
Contact Us:Joyce.cheng@medoclog.com +86 15217297152
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-06-2022